Resistive relativistic MHD simulations of astrophysical jets

TL;DR

This paper presents the first systematic numerical study of relativistic astrophysical jets using high-resolution resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations, exploring the effects of plasma resistivity on jet dynamics and turbulence.

Contribution

It introduces a novel combination of the Taub equation with implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods in RRMHD simulations and investigates resistivity models' impact on jet behavior.

Findings

Higher resistivity suppresses turbulence and reduces plasmoid formation.

Variable resistivity models better preserve turbulence and current sheet structures.

Resistivity influences electromagnetic energy content and dissipation in jets.

Abstract

Aims. The main goal of the present paper is to provide the first systematic numerical study of the propagation of astrophysical relativistic jets, in the context of high-resolution shock-capturing resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RRMHD) simulations. We aim at investigating different values and models for the plasma resistivity coefficient, and at assessing their impact on the level of turbulence, the formation of current sheets and reconnection plasmoids, the electromagnetic energy content, and the dissipated power. Methods. We use the PLUTO code for simulations and we assume an axisymmetric setup for jets, endowed with both poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields, and propagating in a uniform magnetized medium. The gas is assumed to be characterized by a realistic Synge-like equation of state (Taub equation), appropriate for such type of astrophysical jets. The Taub equation is combined here for the first time with the Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta time-stepping procedure, as required in RRMHD simulations. Results. The main result is that turbulence is clearly suppressed for the highest values of resistivity (low Lundquist numbers), current sheets are broader, and plasmoids are barely present, while for low values of resistivity results are very similar to ideal runs, where dissipation is purely numerical. We find that recipes employing a variable resistivity based on the advection of a jet tracer or on the assumption of a uniform Lundquist number improve on the use of a constant coefficient and are probably more realistic, preserving the development of turbulence and of sharp current sheets, possible sites for the acceleration of the non-thermal particles producing the observed high-energy emission.