Proton number cumulants in a modified van der Waals hadron resonance gas

TL;DR

This paper introduces a modified van der Waals hadron resonance gas model that accounts for variable interaction parameters, improving the estimation of proton number cumulants and aligning well with experimental data.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach where the VDW parameters vary with baryochemical potential and temperature, enhancing the model's accuracy in predicting charge fluctuations.

Findings

The modified model fits experimental data effectively.

Variable interaction parameters improve cumulant estimates.

The approach links thermodynamics with collision energy dependence.

Abstract

An estimate of the proton number cumulants in the hadronic matter is presented considering a van der Waals-type interaction between the constituent particles. We argue that the attractive and repulsive parameters in the VDW hadron resonance gas (VDWHRG) model change as functions of baryochemical potential ($\mu_{B}$) and temperature ($T$). This, in turn, affects the estimation of thermodynamic properties and, consequently, the conserved charge fluctuations. We employ a simple parametrization to bring in the center-of-mass energy ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$) dependence on temperature and baryochemical potential and then estimate the proton number cumulants with the modified approach. The modified van der Waals hadron resonance gas model (MVDWHRG) explains the existing experimental data very well.