Insights and guidelines on the Cauchy horizon theorems

TL;DR

This paper investigates the behavior of Cauchy horizons in dynamical, charged black holes using numerical simulations, revealing that inner horizons are non-regular and influenced more by outer horizon properties than matter 'hair'.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the dynamic properties of Cauchy horizons in non-static charged black holes through numerical analysis and revisits the role of matter 'hair' in horizon formation.

Findings

Inner apparent horizon exists but is non-regular.

Cauchy horizon can originate from a singularity.

Outer horizon 'hair' influences the Cauchy horizon more than inner horizon 'hair'.

Abstract

Recently there has been progress to resolve the issue regarding the non-existence of the Cauchy horizon inside the static, charged, and spherically symmetric black holes. However, when we generically extend the black holes' spacetime, they are not just static but can be dynamical, thus the interior of black holes does not remain the same as the static case when we take into account the dynamical evolution of black holes. Hence, the properties of the Cauchy horizon could behave differently in the dynamical case. Then, our aim in this paper is to provide a few constructive insights and guidelines regarding this issue by revisiting a few examples of the gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric charged black holes using the double-null formalism. Our numerical results demonstrate that the inside of the outer horizon is no longer static even in late time, and the inner apparent horizon exists but is not regular. The inner apparent horizon can be distinguished clearly from the Cauchy horizon. The spherical symmetric property of black holes allows the inner horizon to be defined in two directions, i.e., the differentiation of the areal radius vanishes along either the out-going or the in-going null direction. Moreover, the Cauchy horizon can be generated from a singularity. Finally, we show some examples that the ``hair" which is associated with the matter field on the inner horizon is not important to determine the existence of the Cauchy horizon; rather, the hair on the outer horizon might play an important role on the Cauchy horizon. Therefore, the dynamic properties of the interior of charged black holes could shed light for us to understand deeply about the Cauchy horizon for the extensions of no-Cauchy-horizon theorems.