Are we visible to advanced alien civilizations?

TL;DR

This paper explores the detectability of human-made structures by advanced extraterrestrial civilizations, estimating a maximum detection distance of about 3000 light-years and discussing conditions under which alien societies might observe us.

Contribution

It provides a physics-based analysis of the visibility of artificial constructions to advanced aliens and estimates the maximum detection range.

Findings

Maximum detection distance is approximately 3000 light-years.

Type-II alien societies could potentially resolve our structures.

Detection depends on physical laws and observational conditions.

Abstract

We considered the question of how our artificial constructions are visible to advanced extraterrestrial civilizations. Taking the universality of the laws of physics, we found that the maximum distance where the detection is possible is of the order of $3000$ ly and under certain conditions Type-II advanced alien societies might be able to resolve this problem.