Playing with words: Comparing the vocabulary and lexical diversity of ChatGPT and humans

TL;DR

This study compares the vocabulary and lexical diversity of ChatGPT and humans across different tasks, finding that ChatGPT uses fewer distinct words and has lower lexical richness, with implications for language evolution and AI development.

Contribution

It provides an initial analysis of lexical differences between ChatGPT and humans, highlighting potential impacts on language use and evolution due to AI-generated text.

Findings

ChatGPT uses fewer distinct words than humans.

ChatGPT exhibits lower lexical richness.

Results are preliminary and require further validation.

Abstract

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generative language models such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) and tools such as ChatGPT has triggered a revolution that can transform how text is generated. This has many implications, for example, as AI-generated text becomes a significant fraction of the text, would this have an effect on the language capabilities of readers and also on the training of newer AI tools? Would it affect the evolution of languages? Focusing on one specific aspect of the language: words; will the use of tools such as ChatGPT increase or reduce the vocabulary used or the lexical richness? This has implications for words, as those not included in AI-generated content will tend to be less and less popular and may eventually be lost. In this work, we perform an initial comparison of the vocabulary and lexical richness of ChatGPT and humans when performing the same tasks. In more detail, two datasets containing the answers to different types of questions answered by ChatGPT and humans, and a third dataset in which ChatGPT paraphrases sentences and questions are used. The analysis shows that ChatGPT tends to use fewer distinct words and lower lexical richness than humans. These results are very preliminary and additional datasets and ChatGPT configurations have to be evaluated to extract more general conclusions. Therefore, further research is needed to understand how the use of ChatGPT and more broadly generative AI tools will affect the vocabulary and lexical richness in different types of text and languages.