Novel hydrodynamic cumulation mechanism caused by quantum shell effects

TL;DR

This paper reveals a quantum shell effect-driven hydrodynamic cumulation mechanism in submicron gas bubbles, leading to multiple shock waves and significantly higher temperature and pressure than classical models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum shell effects-based compression mechanism, differing from traditional methods, with detailed theoretical and numerical analysis.

Findings

Formation of multiple shock waves during compression

Achieved temperature and pressure are two orders higher than classical predictions

Potential for experimental observation via laser compression and neutron yield measurement

Abstract

The computational and theoretical analysis carried out in this article demonstrates the existence of a nontrivial mechanism for the compression of a submicron-sized gas bubble formed by a gas of classical ions and a gas of degenerate electrons. This mechanism fundamentally differs from conventional compression mechanisms. It is shown that taking into account the quantum effect of a large spatial scale in the distribution of electrons qualitatively changes the character of cumulative processes. Because of a large-scale electric field caused by quantum shell effects, the compression process is characterized by the formation of multiple shock waves. The values of gas temperature and pressure achieved during compression occur higher by two orders of magnitude as compared with the classical adiabatic regime. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the following model: the dynamics of the electron subsystem is described by equations of a quantum electron fluid, while the hydrodynamic approximation is adopted for the ionic subsystem. The large scale effect is taken into account by means of effective external field acting on electrons. The theoretical analysis carried out within this approach clarifies the nature of the cumulative process in the system under consideration; some quantitative characteristics obtained with numerical simulation are presented. The possibility of experimental observation of this cumulative mechanism is analyzed. It is suggested that the manifestation of the effect can be observed during laser compression of a system of submicron targets by measuring the neutron yield.