Krotov Type Optimization of Coherent and Incoherent Controls for Open Two-Qubit Systems

TL;DR

This paper develops Krotov type optimization methods for controlling open two-qubit quantum systems with both coherent and incoherent controls, achieving high-fidelity state transfer and control objectives.

Contribution

It introduces novel Krotov-based algorithms tailored for open quantum systems with time-dependent decoherence, incorporating regularization and dual annealing techniques.

Findings

Krotov methods can produce controls satisfying Pontryagin conditions.

Dual annealing effectively steers objectives close to desired values.

Methods achieve high overlap and low distance between quantum states.

Abstract

This work considers two-qubit open quantum systems driven by coherent and incoherent controls. Incoherent control induces time-dependent decoherence rates via time-dependent spectral density of the environment which is used as a resource for controlling the system. The system evolves according to the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad master equation with time-dependent coefficients. For two types of interaction with coherent control, three types of objectives are considered: 1) maximizing the Hilbert-Schmidt overlap between the final and target density matrices; 2) minimizing the Hilbert-Schmidt distance between these matrices; 3) steering the overlap to a given value. For the first problem, we develop the Krotov type methods directly in terms of density matrices with or without regularization for piecewise continuous constrained controls and find the cases where the methods produce (either exactly or with some precision) zero controls which satisfy the Pontryagin maximum principle and produce the overlap's values close to their upper estimates. For the problems 2) and 3), we find cases when the dual annealing method steers the objectives close to zero and produces a non-zero control.