YOLOrtho -- A Unified Framework for Teeth Enumeration and Dental Disease Detection

TL;DR

YOLOrtho is an end-to-end deep learning framework that simultaneously detects teeth and associated dental diseases in panoramic X-ray images, improving accuracy over existing models.

Contribution

The paper introduces YOLOrtho, a unified model for teeth enumeration and disease detection, utilizing attribute-based learning and architectural enhancements for better performance.

Findings

Outperforms large diffusion-based models in accuracy.

Effectively utilizes multi-type annotated data for joint detection.

Improves detection of large objects with an added upsampling layer.

Abstract

Detecting dental diseases through panoramic X-rays images is a standard procedure for dentists. Normally, a dentist need to identify diseases and find the infected teeth. While numerous machine learning models adopting this two-step procedure have been developed, there has not been an end-to-end model that can identify teeth and their associated diseases at the same time. To fill the gap, we develop YOLOrtho, a unified framework for teeth enumeration and dental disease detection. We develop our model on Dentex Challenge 2023 data, which consists of three distinct types of annotated data. The first part is labeled with quadrant, and the second part is labeled with quadrant and enumeration and the third part is labeled with quadrant, enumeration and disease. To further improve detection, we make use of Tufts Dental public dataset. To fully utilize the data and learn both teeth detection and disease identification simultaneously, we formulate diseases as attributes attached to their corresponding teeth. Due to the nature of position relation in teeth enumeration, We replace convolution layer with CoordConv in our model to provide more position information for the model. We also adjust the model architecture and insert one more upsampling layer in FPN in favor of large object detection. Finally, we propose a post-process strategy for teeth layout that corrects teeth enumeration based on linear sum assignment. Results from experiments show that our model exceeds large Diffusion-based model.