Quantum many-body thermal machines enabled by atom-atom correlations

TL;DR

This paper introduces quantum many-body thermal machines that leverage atom-atom correlations in ultracold gases, demonstrating their essential role in enabling various thermodynamic operations like heat engines and refrigerators.

Contribution

It proposes a new class of quantum thermal machines utilizing second-order atom-atom correlations in a Lieb-Liniger gas, highlighting their necessity for machine operation.

Findings

Atom-atom correlations are crucial for the operation of quantum thermal machines.

Correlations enable functionalities such as heat engines, refrigerators, and thermal accelerators.

The study advances quantum thermodynamics by exploiting quantum correlations as resources.

Abstract

Particle-particle correlations, characterized by Glauber's second-order correlation function,play an important role in the understanding of various phenomena in radio and optical astronomy, quantum and atom optics, particle physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum many-body theory. However, the relevance of such correlations to quantum thermodynamics has so far remained illusive. Here, we propose and investigate a class of quantum many-body thermal machines whose operation is directly enabled by second-order atom-atom correlations in an ultracold atomic gas. More specifically, we study quantum thermal machines that operate in a sudden interaction-quench Otto cycle and utilize a one-dimensional Lieb-Liniger gas of repulsively interacting bosons as the working fluid. The atom-atom correlations in such a gas are different to those of a classical ideal gas, and are a result of the interplay between interparticle interactions, quantum statistics, and thermal fluctuations. We show that operating these thermal machines in the intended regimes, such as a heat engine, refrigerator, thermal accelerator, or heater, would be impossible without such atom-atom correlations. Our results constitute a step forward in the design of conceptually new quantum thermodynamic devices which take advantage of uniquely quantum resources such as quantum coherence, correlations, and entanglement.