Holographic Einstein Rings of an AdS Black Hole in Massive Gravity

TL;DR

This paper explores the holographic optical appearance of Einstein rings around AdS black holes in massive gravity, revealing how observational parameters influence the ring's shape and brightness, with implications for understanding black hole holography.

Contribution

It provides a detailed wave optics analysis of holographic Einstein rings in massive gravity, linking optical features to black hole properties and observational positions.

Findings

The Einstein ring can deform into luminosity-deformed rings or light spots.

The ring's appearance depends on observer position and system parameters.

The ring size correlates with the photon sphere radius of the black hole.

Abstract

In the context of holography, the Einstein ring of an AdS black hole (BH) in massive gravity (MG) is depicted. An oscillating Gaussian source on one side of the AdS boundary propagates in bulk, and we impose a response function to explain it. Using a wave optics imaging system, we obtain the optical appearance of the Einstein ring. Our research reveals that the ring can change into a luminosity-deformed ring or light spots depending on the variation of parameters and observational positions. When observers are positioned at the north pole, the holographic profiles always appear as a ring with concentric stripe surroundings, and a bright ring appears at the location of the photon sphere of the BH. These findings are consistent with the radius of the photon sphere of the BH, which is calculated in geometrical optics. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the analytical studies of holographic theory, which can be used to evaluate different types of BHs for a fixed wave source and optical system.