Investigating dissociation pathways of nitrobenzene via mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction

TL;DR

This study uses ultrafast electron diffraction to investigate the initial photochemical dynamics of nitrobenzene, revealing rapid internal conversions and clarifying dissociation pathways within the first few picoseconds.

Contribution

It provides the first femtosecond structural measurements of nitrobenzene's ultrafast dynamics, distinguishing electronic states and clarifying dissociation timescales.

Findings

Ground state recovers within 160 fs

No dissociation observed within 5 ps

Distinguished singlet and triplet states unambiguously

Abstract

As the simplest nitroaromatic compound, nitrobenzene is an interesting model system to explore the rich photochemistry of nitroaromatic compounds. Previous measurements of nitrobenzene's photochemical dynamics have probed structural and electronic properties, which, at times, paint a convoluted and sometimes contradictory description of the photochemical landscape. A sub-picosecond structural probe can complement previous electronic measurements and aid in determining the photochemical dynamics with less ambiguity. We investigate the ultrafast dynamics of nitrobenzene triggered by photoexcitation at 267 nm employing megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction with femtosecond time resolution. We measure the first 5 ps of dynamics and, by comparing our measured results to simulation, we unambiguously distinguish the lowest singlet and triplet electronic states. We observe ground state recovery within 160 +/- 60 fs through internal conversions and without signal corresponding to photofragmentation. Our lack of dissociation signal within the first 5 ps indicates that previously observed photofragmenation reactions take place in the vibrationally "hot" ground state on timescales considerably beyond 5 ps.