Correlations between two vortices in dry active matter

TL;DR

This study explores vortex correlations in dry active matter through simulations, revealing synchronized vortex states similar to wet active matter and identifying conditions for correlated and uncorrelated regimes.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of vortex synchronization in dry active matter and characterizes the conditions leading to different correlated states.

Findings

Vortices can synchronize in either same or opposite directions.

Correlated states depend on obstacle size, gap, and particle density.

Uncorrelated states emerge at transition points and large gaps.

Abstract

It was recently shown that wet active matter may form synchronized rotating vortices in a square lattice, similar to an antiferromagnetic Ising model (by considering rotation direction as spin projections). In this letter, we investigate whether such a correlated state occurs for a model of dry active matter. We achieve that by numerically simulating the dynamics of a system of active particles in the presence of two identical circular obstacles. Then, we measure the rotation velocity correlation function of both vortices as a function of the obstacle diameter, their shortest separation, called gap, and the particle density. We find that, like the observations of vortex formation in wet active matter, both vortices can synchronize their rotations in either opposite or in the same direction; we call such regimes as antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic, respectively. We show that, for the antiferromagnetic case, both vortices keep their motion correlated by exchanging particles through the region in between them, analogously to synchronized cogs; on the other hand, for the ferromagnetic regime, both vortices merge in a single rotating cluster, similar to a belt strapped around the obstacles. Additionallly, we observe the emergence of uncorrelated states at the transition between correlated states, in which only a single vortex is present, or in the large gap regime, in which the vortices are nearly independent on each other.