On the Nonlocal Newtonian Cosmology

TL;DR

This paper explores nonlocal gravity in cosmology, highlighting the importance of horizon formation and the implications of nonlocal effects on dark matter density evolution, challenging standard cosmological models.

Contribution

It provides a semi-Post-Newtonian analysis of nonlocal gravity, emphasizing the role of horizons and questioning the compatibility of nonlocal effects with ΛCDM.

Findings

Effective dark matter density increases during matter era

Baryonic matter density decreases during matter era

Contradicts standard ΛCDM predictions

Abstract

In the absence of an exact development of the cosmological models based on the Mashhoon nonlocal gravity, the Newtonian regime clarifies some aspects of it. To improve this model more reliable, going through some semi-Post-Newtonian considerations may be useful. One important feature to consider is the formation of horizons, which can be understood as a consequence of the finite interaction velocity. This highlights the importance of extending the integration across the entire space-time, rather than solely focusing on the spatial sector. In this context, we show that the density of effective dark matter would increase, while the density of Baryonic matter decreases, during the deep matter-dominated era. This finding is in contradiction with the predictions of the standard model of cosmology and it raises concerns about the compatibility of using Tohline--Kuhn kernel and considering the nonlocal effects as an effective dark matter in $\Lambda$CDM.