Entanglement-Based Quantum Information Technology

TL;DR

This review discusses the fundamentals, recent advances, and future prospects of entanglement-based quantum information technology, focusing on photonic systems and their applications in sensing, communication, and processing.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of entanglement in photonic systems, highlighting recent experimental progress and outlining future technological architectures.

Findings

Photonic entanglement enables room-temperature quantum operations.

Recent experiments demonstrate advanced quantum communication protocols.

Photonic systems interface effectively with solid-state quantum platforms.

Abstract

Entanglement is a quintessential quantum mechanical phenomenon with no classical equivalent. First discussed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen and formally introduced by Schr\"odinger in 1935, entanglement has grown from a scientific debate to a radically new resource that sparks a technological revolution. This review focuses on the fundamentals and recent advances in entanglement-based quantum information technology (QIT), specifically in photonic systems. Photons are unique quantum information carriers with several advantages, such as their ability to operate at room temperature, their compatibility with existing communication and sensing infrastructures, and the availability of readily accessible optical components. Photons also interface well with other solid-state quantum platforms. We will first provide an overview on entanglement, starting with an introduction to its development from a historical perspective followed by the theory for entanglement generation and the associated representative experiments. We will then dive into the applications of entanglement-based QIT for sensing, imaging, spectroscopy, data processing, and communication. Before closing, we will present an outlook for the architecture of the next-generation entanglement-based QIT and its prospective applications.