The Sequence Matters in Learning -- A Systematic Literature Review

TL;DR

This systematic review explores how sequence analysis is used in learning analytics, highlighting definitions, methods, educational contexts, and interventions based on empirical research of learner behavior sequences.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of current practices, definitions, and applications of sequence analysis in educational settings, identifying gaps and future directions.

Findings

Diverse definitions of learning sequences.

Various data aggregation and analysis methods.

Sequences inform educational interventions.

Abstract

Describing and analysing learner behaviour using sequential data and analysis is becoming more and more popular in Learning Analytics. Nevertheless, we found a variety of definitions of learning sequences, as well as choices regarding data aggregation and the methods implemented for analysis. Furthermore, sequences are used to study different educational settings and serve as a base for various interventions. In this literature review, the authors aim to generate an overview of these aspects to describe the current state of using sequence analysis in educational support and learning analytics. The 74 included articles were selected based on the criteria that they conduct empirical research on an educational environment using sequences of learning actions as the main focus of their analysis. The results enable us to highlight different learning tasks where sequences are analysed, identify data mapping strategies for different types of sequence actions, differentiate techniques based on purpose and scope, and identify educational interventions based on the outcomes of sequence analysis.