Achromatic rapid flares in hard X-rays in the $\gamma$-ray binary LS I +61-303

TL;DR

This study reports rapid achromatic hard X-ray flares in the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303, suggesting synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons affected by dynamic changes in the shock region.

Contribution

First detection of rapid achromatic X-ray flares in LS I +61 303, linking variability to shock region dynamics and relativistic flow effects.

Findings

Detected two ks-scale achromatic flares in hard X-rays.

Flares likely caused by changes in the size or motion of the emitting region.

Synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons in a shocked pulsar wind.

Abstract

We report on the presence of very rapid hard X-ray variability in the $\gamma$-ray binary LS I +61 303. The results were obtained by analysing NuSTAR data, which show two achromatic strong flares on ks time-scales before apastron. The Swift-BAT orbital X-ray light curve is also presented, and the NuSTAR data are put in the context of the system orbit. The spectrum and estimated physical conditions of the emitting region indicate that the radiation is synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons, likely produced in a shocked pulsar wind. The achromaticity suggests that losses are dominated by escape or adiabatic cooling in a relativistic flow, and the overall behaviour in hard X-rays can be explained by abrupt changes in the size of the emitting region and/or its motion relative to the line of sight, with Doppler boosting potentially being a prominent effect. The rapid changes of the emitter could be the result of different situations such as quick changes in the intra-binary shock, variations in the re-accelerated shocked pulsar wind outside the binary, or strong fluctuations in the location and size of the Coriolis shock region. Although future multi-wavelength observations are needed to further constrain the physical properties of the high-energy emitter, this work already provides important insight into the complex dynamics and radiation processes in LS I +61-303.