Estimating at Earth the Ultra-High Energy Neutrino Flux from the Accretion Disks in the Galactic Core

TL;DR

This paper models the ultra-high energy neutrino flux from galactic core accretion disks to estimate detectable neutrinos on Earth, aiding understanding of galactic conditions and neutrino detection prospects.

Contribution

It introduces two simulation models for estimating the galactic core neutrino flux from numerous accretion disks, considering their distribution and size variations.

Findings

Estimated neutrino flux at Earth from galactic core accretion disks.

Proposed gravitational focusing method to enhance neutrino detection.

Provided a framework for future neutrino observation strategies.

Abstract

This research is to determine at Earth the high-energy neutrino flux coming from the galactic core, and from the many other accretion disks within the galactic core. It is estimated there are 10,000 such accretion disk within the cubic parsec of the galactic core alone and many more in the galactic core halo. There are various neutrino detectors, such as IceCube, which can detect energetic neutrinos. However, the direct galactic core neutrino flux is exceptionally low, so very few neutrinos from the galactic core are measured. We created two models to simulate the galactic core neutrino flux. To better estimate the neutrino flux we randomly distributed the accretion disks and generated bodies of varying sizes. This was then used to determine the ultra-high energy neutrino flux. Since it is extremely difficult to determine neutrino direction from interactions of neutrinos, we envision an application where the energetic galactic core neutrinos are gravitationally focused by the Sun with a large light collecting power of eleven to twelve orders of magnitude. They could interact in a planet's atmosphere where the produced showers containing energetic charged particles can produce Cherenkov rings imageable by an orbiting spacecraft or upward going muons which can be observed in a cosmic ray experiment. Estimating the flux will provide a general approximation of the number of ultra-high energy neutrinos that should reach Earth, with Earth being the overall detector. Moreover, studying the neutrinos will provide more information on the conditions of the galactic region, and allow characterizations of it to be formed.