Small-time controllability for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation on $\mathbb{R}^N$ via bilinear electromagnetic fields

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates small-time controllability of a nonlinear Schr"odinger equation on R^N with electromagnetic fields, showing the ability to control quantum states and energy changes rapidly using large control signals.

Contribution

It establishes the small-time controllability of a nonlinear Schr"odinger equation with electromagnetic controls, extending controllability results to nonlinear quantum systems.

Findings

Existence of quantum states with controllable dynamics in small time

Capability to control energy changes in bounded regions instantly

Controllability achieved via perturbation of linear problem using non-commutativity properties

Abstract

We address the small-time controllability problem for a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) on $\mathbb{R}^N$ in the presence of magnetic and electric external fields. We choose a particular framework where the equation becomes $i\partial_t \psi = [-\Delta+u_0(t)h_{\vec{0}}+\langle u(t), P\rangle +\kappa|\psi|^{2p}]\psi$. Here, the control operators are defined by the zeroth Hermite function $h_{\vec{0}}(x)$ and the momentum operator $P=i\nabla$. In detail, we study when it is possible to control the dynamics of (NLS) as fast as desired via sufficiently large control signals $u_0$ and $u$. We first show the existence of a family of quantum states for which this property is verified. Secondly, by considering some specific states belonging to this family, as a physical consequence we show the capability of controlling arbitrary changes of energy in bounded regions of the quantum system, in time zero. Our results are proved by exploiting the idea that the nonlinear term in (NLS) is only a perturbation of the linear problem when the time is as small as desired. The core of the proof, then, is the controllability of the bilinear equation which is tackled by using specific non-commutativity properties of infinite-dimensional propagators.