# Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

## TL;DR

This paper surveys the open problems and fundamental limitations of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), emphasizing the need for improved oversight and complementary techniques to develop safer AI systems.

## Contribution

It systematically analyzes RLHF's flaws, reviews methods to enhance it, and proposes standards for auditing and societal oversight.

## Key findings

- RLHF has significant limitations that impact AI safety.
- Current techniques to understand and improve RLHF are discussed.
- Standards for auditing RLHF systems are proposed.

## Abstract

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a technique for training AI systems to align with human goals. RLHF has emerged as the central method used to finetune state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs). Despite this popularity, there has been relatively little public work systematizing its flaws. In this paper, we (1) survey open problems and fundamental limitations of RLHF and related methods; (2) overview techniques to understand, improve, and complement RLHF in practice; and (3) propose auditing and disclosure standards to improve societal oversight of RLHF systems. Our work emphasizes the limitations of RLHF and highlights the importance of a multi-faceted approach to the development of safer AI systems.