Structure and dynamics of binary Bose-Einstein condensates with vortex phase imprinting

TL;DR

This paper explores the complex density structures and dynamic behaviors of phase-separated binary Bose-Einstein condensates with vortex imprinting, revealing diverse phenomena and potential control mechanisms for quantum states.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of density structures and dynamics in binary BECs with vortex imprinting, highlighting new phase diagrams and control strategies.

Findings

Identification of various density structures such as ball-shell and Matryoshka-like formations.

Observation of vortex dipole penetration and half-vortex emergence.

Discussion of defect-induced pinning effects for quantum state manipulation.

Abstract

The combination of multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and phase imprinting techniques provides an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear dynamics and investigating the quantum transport properties of superfluids. In this paper, we study abundant density structures and corresponding dynamics of phase-separated binary Bose-Einstein condensates with phase-imprinted single vortex or vortex dipole. By adjusting the ratio between the interspecies and intraspecies interactions, and the locations of the phase singularities, the typical density profiles such as ball-shell structures, crescent-gibbous structures, Matryoshka-like structures, sector-sector structures and sandwich-type structures appear, and the phase diagrams are obtained. The dynamics of these structures exhibit diverse properties, including the penetration of vortex dipoles, emergence of half-vortex dipoles, co-rotation of sectors, and oscillation between sectors. The pinning effects induced by a potential defect are also discussed, which is useful for controlling and manipulating individual quantum states.