Modeling Interference for the Coexistence of 6G Networks and Passive Sensing Systems

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how terrestrial 6G networks operating above 100 GHz can interfere with satellite sensing systems, providing a fundamental model to guide coexistence strategies and spectrum policy development.

Contribution

It introduces the first comprehensive, geometry-based and data-driven interference model for large-scale 6G deployments affecting satellite sensing systems.

Findings

Interference depends on network density, load, and topology.

Building density and satellite orientation significantly influence interference levels.

The model supports development of coexistence solutions and spectrum regulation policies.

Abstract

Future wireless networks and sensing systems will benefit from access to large chunks of spectrum above 100 GHz, to achieve terabit-per-second data rates in 6th Generation (6G) cellular systems and improve accuracy and reach of Earth exploration and sensing and radio astronomy applications. These are extremely sensitive to interference from artificial signals, thus the spectrum above 100 GHz features several bands which are protected from active transmissions under current spectrum regulations. To provide more agile access to the spectrum for both services, active and passive users will have to coexist without harming passive sensing operations. In this paper, we provide the first, fundamental analysis of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) that large-scale terrestrial deployments introduce in different satellite sensing systems now orbiting the Earth. We develop a geometry-based analysis and extend it into a data-driven model which accounts for realistic propagation, building obstruction, ground reflection, for network topology with up to $10^5$ nodes in more than $85$ km$^2$. We show that the presence of harmful RFI depends on several factors, including network load, density and topology, satellite orientation, and building density. The results and methodology provide the foundation for the development of coexistence solutions and spectrum policy towards 6G.