A Kodaira type conjecture on almost complex 4 manifolds

TL;DR

This paper introduces a refined Dolbeault cohomology for almost complex 4-manifolds, linking cohomological conditions to symplectic structures and the $ ext{∂∂̄}$-lemma, advancing understanding of almost Kähler geometry.

Contribution

It defines a refined Dolbeault cohomology on almost complex manifolds and establishes its relation to symplectic structures, the $ ext{∂∂̄}$-lemma, and Kodaira-like conjectures in four dimensions.

Findings

The condition $ ilde h^{1,0}= ilde h^{0,1}$ implies a symplectic structure.

The condition is equivalent to the generalized $ ext{∂∂̄}$-lemma.

The Kodaira-Thurston manifold satisfies the $ ext{∂∂̄}$-lemma.

Abstract

Not long ago, Cirici and Wilson defined a Dolbeault cohomology on almost complex manifolds to answer Hirzebruch's problem. In this paper, we define a refined Dolbeault cohomology on almost complex manifolds. We show that the condition $\tilde h^{1,0}=\tilde h^{0,1}$ implies a symplectic structure on a compact almost complex $4$ manifold, where $\tilde h^{1,0}$ and $\tilde h^{0,1}$ are the dimensions of the refined Dolbeault cohomology groups with bi-degrees $(1,0)$ and $(0,1)$ respectively. Combining the partial answer to Donaldson's tameness conjecture, we offer a sufficient condition for a compact almost complex $4$ manifold to become an almost K\"ahler one. Moreover, we prove that the condition $\tilde{h}^{1,0}=\tilde h^{0,1}$ is equivalent to the generalized $\partial\bar\partial$-lemma. This can be regarded as an analogue of the Kodaira's conjecture on almost complex $4$ manifolds. As an application, we show that the Kodaira-Thurston manifold satisfies the $\partial\bar\partial$-lemma. Meanwhile, we show that the Fr\"olicher-type equality does not hold on a general almost complex $4$ manifold, which is different to the case of compact complex surfaces.