Roadmap towards the redefinition of the second
N. Dimarcq, M. Gertsvolf, G. Mileti, S.Bize, C.W. Oates, E. Peik, D., Calonico, T. Ido, P. Tavella, F. Meynadier, G. Petit, G. Panfilo, J., Bartholomew, P. Defraigne, E. A. Donley, P. O. Hedekvist, I. Sesia, M., Wouters, P. Dube, F. Fang, F. Levi, J. Lodewyck, H. S. Margolis
TL;DR
This paper discusses the roadmap, achievements, challenges, and criteria for redefining the second based on optical frequency standards, aiming to improve time measurement accuracy and stability.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of the current status, open challenges, and potential redefinition options for the second based on optical standards.
Findings
Optical frequency standards are approaching the required accuracy for redefinition.
Key challenges include comparison methods and Earth's gravitational potential knowledge.
Mandatory criteria for redefinition are being progressively fulfilled.
Abstract
This paper outlines the roadmap towards the redefinition of the second, which was recently updated by the CCTF Task Force created by the CCTF in 2020. The main achievements and the open challenges related to the status of the optical frequency standards, their contribution to time scales and UTC, the possibility of their comparison and the knowledge of the Earth's gravitational potential at the necessary level of uncertainty are discussed. In addition, the mandatory criteria to be achieved before redefinition and their current fulfilment level, together with the redefinition options based on a single or on a set of transitions are described.
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