Bound isoscalar axial-vector $bc\bar u\bar d$ tetraquark $T_{bc}$ from lattice QCD using two-meson and diquark-antidiquark variational basis

TL;DR

This lattice QCD study investigates the potential existence of a bound isoscalar axial-vector $bcar uar d$ tetraquark state, finding evidence for a strong attractive interaction that could form a stable exotic hadron.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel lattice QCD analysis combining two-meson and diquark-antidiquark operators to identify a possible bound tetraquark state with explicit exotic flavor content.

Findings

At physical pion mass, the $Dar B^*$ scattering length indicates a strong attractive interaction.

A bound $T_{bc}$ tetraquark state with approximately -43 MeV binding energy is predicted.

The binding strength diminishes with increasing light quark mass, disappearing at a critical mass.

Abstract

We report a lattice QCD study of the heavy-light meson-meson interactions with an explicitly exotic flavor content $bc\bar u\bar d$, isospin $I\!=\!0$, and axialvector $J^P=1^+$ quantum numbers in search of possible tetraquark bound states. The calculation is performed at four values of lattice spacing, ranging $\sim$0.058 to $\sim$0.12 fm, and at five different values of valence light quark mass $m_{u/d}$, corresponding to pseudoscalar meson mass $M_{ps}$ of about 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 1.0, and 3.0 GeV. The energy eigenvalues in the finite-volume are determined through a variational procedure applied to correlation matrices built out of two-meson interpolating operators as well as diquark-antidiquark operators. The continuum limit estimates for $D\bar B^*$ elastic $S$-wave scattering amplitude are extracted from the lowest finite-volume eigenenergies, corresponding to the ground states, using amplitude parametrizations supplemented by a lattice spacing dependence. Light quark mass $m_{u/d}$ dependence of the $D\bar B^*$ scattering length ($a_0$) suggests that at the physical pion mass $a_0^{phys} = +0.57(^{+4}_{-5})(17)$ fm, which clearly points to an attractive interaction between the $D$ and $\bar B^*$ mesons that is strong enough to host a real bound state $T_{bc}$, with a binding energy of $-43(_{-7}^{+6})(_{-24}^{+14})$ MeV with respect to the $D\bar B^*$ threshold. We also find that the strength of the binding decreases with increasing $m_{u/d}$ and the system becomes unbound at a critical light quark mass $m^{*}_{u/d}$ corresponding to $M^{*}_{ps} = 2.73(21)(19)$ GeV.