Topological solitonic macromolecules

TL;DR

This paper introduces the creation and modeling of soliton polymers called polyskyrmionomers, demonstrating their complex architectures, dynamic behaviors, and potential for data encoding, opening new avenues in soliton-based materials and technologies.

Contribution

The study experimentally and theoretically develops soliton polymers with complex structures and dynamic properties, a novel concept in solitonic materials research.

Findings

Successfully created and modeled soliton polymers with various architectures.

Demonstrated control of soliton structures using electric fields.

Showed potential for data encoding and new material designs.

Abstract

Being ubiquitous, solitons have particle-like properties, exhibiting behaviour often associated with atoms. Bound solitons emulate dynamics of molecules, though solitonic analogues of polymeric materials have not been considered yet. Here we experimentally create and model soliton polymers, which we call polyskyrmionomers, built of atom-like individual solitons characterized by the topological invariant representing the skyrmion number. With the help of nonlinear optical imaging and numerical modelling based on minimizing the free energy, we reveal how topological point defects bind the solitonic quasi-atoms into polyskyrmionomers, featuring linear, branched, and other macromolecule-resembling architectures, as well as allowing for encoding data by spatial distributions of the skyrmion number. Application of oscillating electric fields activates diverse modes of locomotion and internal vibrations of these self-assembled soliton structures, which depend on symmetry of the solitonic macromolecules. Our findings suggest new designs of soliton meta matter, with a potential for the use in fundamental research and technology.