Does color modalities affect handwriting recognition? An empirical study on Persian handwritings using convolutional neural networks

TL;DR

This study investigates whether color modalities influence handwriting recognition accuracy and speed using CNNs on Persian handwritten data, finding black-and-white images are more efficient with no significant accuracy difference across modalities.

Contribution

It provides the first empirical analysis of color modality effects on handwriting recognition accuracy and efficiency using CNNs on a novel Persian dataset.

Findings

Black-and-white images yield higher recognition performance.

No significant accuracy difference across color modalities.

BW images enable faster training and recognition.

Abstract

Most of the methods on handwritten recognition in the literature are focused and evaluated on Black and White (BW) image databases. In this paper we try to answer a fundamental question in document recognition. Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), as eye simulator, we investigate to see whether color modalities of handwritten digits and words affect their recognition accuracy or speed? To the best of our knowledge, so far this question has not been answered due to the lack of handwritten databases that have all three color modalities of handwritings. To answer this question, we selected 13,330 isolated digits and 62,500 words from a novel Persian handwritten database, which have three different color modalities and are unique in term of size and variety. Our selected datasets are divided into training, validation, and testing sets. Afterwards, similar conventional CNN models are trained with the training samples. While the experimental results on the testing set show that CNN on the BW digit and word images has a higher performance compared to the other two color modalities, in general there are no significant differences for network accuracy in different color modalities. Also, comparisons of training times in three color modalities show that recognition of handwritten digits and words in BW images using CNN is much more efficient.