Connecting Quantum Cities: Simulation of a Satellite-Based Quantum Network

TL;DR

This paper proposes a satellite-based quantum network architecture connecting European Quantum Cities, evaluates its performance with simulations, and discusses technological limits and alternatives like high-altitude balloons.

Contribution

It introduces a scalable satellite quantum network architecture for Europe and provides performance benchmarks using realistic technological parameters.

Findings

Identifies key parameters affecting quantum key distribution rates.

Highlights current technological limits of satellite quantum communication.

Suggests high-altitude balloons as an alternative to satellites.

Abstract

We present and analyse an architecture for a European-scale quantum network using satellite links to connect Quantum Cities, which are metropolitan quantum networks with minimal hardware requirements for the end users. Using NetSquid, a quantum network simulation tool based on discrete events, we assess and benchmark the performance of such a network linking distant locations in Europe in terms of quantum key distribution rates, considering realistic parameters for currently available or near-term technology. Our results highlight the key parameters and the limits of current satellite quantum communication links and can be used to assist the design of future missions. We also discuss the possibility of using high-altitude balloons as an alternative to satellites.