Exploring Technical Debt in Security Questions on Stack Overflow

TL;DR

This study analyzes security-related questions on Stack Overflow to understand the prevalence and characteristics of Technical Debt discussions, revealing that a significant portion of security queries involve TD and highlighting areas for developer education and security improvement.

Contribution

It is the first large-scale analysis of security-related Technical Debt questions on Stack Overflow, identifying key tags, user awareness levels, and sentiment patterns.

Findings

38% of security questions are related to Technical Debt.

Tags 'security' and 'encryption' are most common in TD questions.

Users with higher reputation scores tend to ask longer, neutral sentiment TD questions.

Abstract

Background: Software security is crucial to ensure that the users are protected from undesirable consequences such as malware attacks which can result in loss of data and, subsequently, financial loss. Technical Debt (TD) is a metaphor incurred by suboptimal decisions resulting in long-term consequences such as increased defects and vulnerabilities if not managed. Although previous studies have studied the relationship between security and TD, examining their intersection in developers' discussion on Stack Overflow (SO) is still unexplored. Aims: This study investigates the characteristics of security-related TD questions on SO. More specifically, we explore the prevalence of TD in security-related queries, identify the security tags most prone to TD, and investigate which user groups are more aware of TD. Method: We mined 117,233 security-related questions on SO and used a deep-learning approach to identify 45,078 security-related TD questions. Subsequently, we conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses of the collected security-related TD questions, including sentiment analysis. Results: Our analysis revealed that 38% of the security questions on SO are security-related TD questions. The most recurrent tags among the security-related TD questions emerged as "security" and "encryption." The latter typically have a neutral sentiment, are lengthier, and are posed by users with higher reputation scores. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that developers implicitly discuss TD, suggesting developers have a potential knowledge gap regarding the TD metaphor in the security domain. Moreover, we identified the most common security topics mentioned in TD-related posts, providing valuable insights for developers and researchers to assist developers in prioritizing security concerns in order to minimize TD and enhance software security.