Photon mediated energy, linear and angular momentum transport in fullerene and graphene systems beyond local equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electromagnetic fields transfer energy, momentum, and angular momentum among fullerene and graphene systems beyond local equilibrium, revealing current-induced force enhancements and nanoscale torque effects.

Contribution

It introduces a nonequilibrium Green's function approach to study electromagnetic transport in fullerene and graphene systems beyond local thermal equilibrium.

Findings

Current enhances van der Waals attractive forces.

Nanoscale fluctuational forces and torques are significantly stronger than static predictions.

The approach enables analysis of forces and torques in nonequilibrium conditions.

Abstract

Based on a tight-binding model for the electron system, we investigate the transfer of energy, momentum, and angular momentum mediated by electromagnetic fields among buckminsterfullerene (C$_{60}$) and graphene nano-strips. Our nonequilibrium Green's function approach enables calculations away from local thermal equilibrium where the fluctuation-dissipation theorem breaks down. For example, the forces between C$_{60}$ and current-carrying nano-strips are predicted. It is found that the presence of current usually enhances the van der Waals attractive forces. For two current-carrying graphene strips rotated at some angle, the fluctuational force and torque are much stronger at the nanoscale compared to that of the static Biot-Savart law.