Discreteness Unravels the Black Hole Information Puzzle: Insights from a Quantum Gravity Toy Model

TL;DR

This paper proposes a quantum gravity toy model demonstrating how microscopic degrees of freedom can resolve the black hole information puzzle by preserving information and avoiding energy contributions during evaporation.

Contribution

It introduces a solvable toy model inspired by loop quantum gravity that illustrates how information is preserved through microscopic degrees of freedom during black hole evaporation.

Findings

Microscopic degrees of freedom encode black hole information.

Correlations transfer from in to out Hawking particles via quantum gravity effects.

The model shows the failure of vacuum uniqueness in quantum gravity context.

Abstract

The black hole information puzzle can be resolved if two conditions are met. Firstly, if the information of what falls inside a black hole remains encoded in degrees of freedom that persist after the black hole completely evaporates. These degrees of freedom should be capable of purifying the information. Secondly, if these purifying degrees of freedom do not significantly contribute to the system's energy, as the macroscopic mass of the initial black hole has been radiated away as Hawking radiation to infinity. The presence of microscopic degrees of freedom at the Planck scale provides a natural mechanism for achieving these two conditions without running into the problem of the large pair-creation probabilities of standard remnant scenarios. In the context of Hawking radiation, the first condition implies that correlations between the {\em in} and {\em out} Hawking partner particles need to be transferred to correlations between the {\em microscopic degrees of freedom} and the {\em out} partners in the radiation. This transfer occurs dynamically when the {\em in} partners reach the singularity inside the black hole, entering the UV regime of quantum gravity where the interaction with the microscopic degrees of freedom becomes strong. The second condition suggests that the conventional notion of the vacuum's uniqueness in quantum field theory should fail when considering the full quantum gravity degrees of freedom. In this paper, we demonstrate both key aspects of this mechanism using a solvable toy model of a quantum black hole inspired by loop quantum gravity.