Tangling schedules eases hardware connectivity requirements for quantum error correction

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method called tangled syndrome extraction circuits that allows measurement of non-local stabilizers in surface code quantum error correction without hardware modifications, advancing fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Contribution

It presents a novel tangling technique for syndrome extraction that enables non-local stabilizer measurements on square-grid quantum hardware.

Findings

Enables measurement of irregular non-local stabilizers.

Supports general lattice surgery with planar code.

Facilitates fault-tolerant quantum computation on existing hardware.

Abstract

Quantum computers have the potential to change the way we solve computational problems. Due to the noisy nature of qubits, the need arises to correct physical errors occurring during computation. The surface code is a promising candidate for such error correction that shows high threshold and which can store a logical quantum state on hardware with square-grid connectivity, a type of device that already exists. However, for logical quantum computation, the measurement of some irregular, non-local stabilisers is required, and it is not currently known how to do this without modifying the connectivity of the hardware. Here, we present a method to achieve this, closing this gap on the path to fault-tolerant quantum computation. We introduce a method of tangled syndrome extraction circuits, which enables measurement of observables between distant qubits. As an application of our tangling technique, we show how to measure the aforementioned irregular non-local stabilisers, without physically modifying the hardware itself. We present a concrete scheme that enables general lattice surgery with the planar code. Therefore, tangling enables fault-tolerant logical quantum computation using the surface code on square-grid connectivity architectures.