New Security Proof of a Restricted High-Dimensional QKD Protocol

TL;DR

This paper presents a new security proof for a high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol that requires limited quantum capabilities, enabling better evaluation of key rates in high dimensions and demonstrating advantages over previous methods.

Contribution

We provide an explicit security proof and key-rate formula for a restricted HD-QKD protocol, improving analysis for high-dimensional states and surpassing prior numerical methods.

Findings

Explicit key-rate formula for high-dimensional states

Improved security bounds for dimensions > 8

Demonstrates benefits of HD-states in restricted protocols

Abstract

High-dimensional (HD) states are known to have several interesting properties when applied to quantum cryptography. For quantum key distribution (QKD), these states have the potential to improve noise tolerance and efficiency. However, creating, and measuring, HD states is technologically challenging, thus making it important to study HD-QKD protocols where Alice and Bob are restricted in their quantum capabilities. In this paper, we revisit a particular HD-QKD protocol, introduced in (PRA 97 (4):042347, 2018), which does not require Alice and Bob to be capable of sending and measuring in full mutually unbiased bases. In a way, the protocol is a HD version of the three state BB84: one full basis is used for key distillation, but only a single state is used, from an alternative basis, for testing the fidelity of the channel. The previous proof of security for this protocol has relied on numerical methods, making it difficult to evaluate for high dimensions. In this work, we provide a new proof of security, and give an explicit key-rate equation for depolarization channels, allowing us to evaluate the key-rate for arbitrarily high dimensional states. Furthermore, our new proof produces better results than prior work for dimensions greater than eight, and shows that HD-states can benefit restricted protocols of this nature.