MaxCut in graphs with sparse neighborhoods

TL;DR

This paper establishes new lower bounds on the surplus of MaxCut in graphs with sparse neighborhoods, extending previous results and supporting conjectures about surplus in H-free graphs.

Contribution

It introduces a stronger, more general bound on MaxCut surplus for graphs with sparse neighborhoods, unifying and extending prior bounds for various H-free graphs.

Findings

Derived new bounds for surplus in triangle-free and bipartite-free graphs.

Extended results to graphs with a vertex whose removal makes them bipartite.

Provided evidence supporting conjectures on surplus growth in H-free graphs.

Abstract

Let $G$ be a graph with $m$ edges and let $\mathrm{mc}(G)$ denote the size of a largest cut of $G$. The difference $\mathrm{mc}(G)-m/2$ is called the surplus $\mathrm{sp}(G)$ of $G$. A fundamental problem in MaxCut is to determine $\mathrm{sp}(G)$ for $G$ without specific structure, and the degree sequence $d_1,\ldots,d_n$ of $G$ plays a key role in getting lower bounds of $\mathrm{sp}(G)$. A classical example, given by Shearer, is that $\mathrm{sp}(G)=\Omega(\sum_{i=1}^n\sqrt d_i)$ for triangle-free graphs $G$, implying that $\mathrm{sp}(G)=\Omega(m^{3/4})$. It was extended to graphs with sparse neighborhoods by Alon, Krivelevich and Sudakov. In this paper, we establish a novel and stronger result for a more general family of graphs with sparse neighborhoods. Our result can derive many well-known bounds on surplus of $H$-free graphs for different $H$, such as triangles, even cycles, graphs having a vertex whose removal makes them acyclic, or complete bipartite graphs $K_{s,t}$ with $s\in \{2,3\}$. It can also deduce many new (tight) bounds on $\mathrm{sp}(G)$ in $H$-free graphs $G$ when $H$ is any graph having a vertex whose removal results in a bipartite graph with relatively small Tur\'{a}n number, especially the even wheel. This contributes to a conjecture raised by Alon, Krivelevich and Sudakov. Moreover, we obtain new families of graphs $H$ such that $\mathrm{sp}(G)=\Omega(m^{3/4+\epsilon(H)})$ for some constant $\epsilon(H)>0$ in $H$-free graphs $G$, giving evidences to a conjecture suggested by Alon, Bollob\'as, Krivelevich and Sudakov.