Topological properties of a non-Hermitian quasi-1D chain with a flat band

TL;DR

This paper investigates the topological and spectral properties of a non-Hermitian quasi-1D diamond chain with a flat band, revealing boundary states, the skin effect, and topological invariants using real-space methods.

Contribution

It introduces a topological characterization of non-Hermitian flat band systems via biorthogonal polarization and maps these systems to SSH models for deeper insight.

Findings

Presence of non-trivial edge states at zero energy.

Existence of the non-Hermitian skin effect despite real or imaginary spectra.

Mapping to SSH models provides understanding of flat band behavior.

Abstract

The spectral properties of a non-Hermitian quasi-1D lattice in two of the possible dimerization configurations are investigated. Specifically, it focuses on a non-Hermitian diamond chain that presents a zero-energy flat band. The flat band originates from wave interference and results in eigenstates with a finite contribution only on two sites of the unit cell. To achieve the non-Hermitian characteristics, the system under study presents non-reciprocal hopping terms in the chain. This leads to the accumulation of eigenstates on the boundary of the system, known as the non-Hermitian skin effect. Despite this accumulation of eigenstates, for one of the two considered configurations, it is possible to characterize the presence of non-trivial edge states at zero energy by a real-space topological invariant known as the biorthogonal polarization. This work shows that this invariant, evaluated using the destructive interference method, characterizes the non-trivial phase of the non-Hermitian diamond chain. For the second non-Hermitian configuration, there is a finite quantum metric associated with the flat band. Additionally, the system presents the skin effect despite the system having a purely real or imaginary spectrum. The two non-Hermitian diamond chains can be mapped into two models of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains, either non-Hermitian, and Hermitian, both in the presence of a flat band. This mapping allows to draw valuable insights into the behavior and properties of these systems.