Novel Search for Light Dark Photon in the Forward Experiments at the LHC

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new method to detect light dark photons at the LHC's forward experiments by identifying their decay signatures, estimating potential event rates for different experimental setups and parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a novel detection strategy for light dark photons in forward LHC experiments, focusing on their conversion into electron-positron pairs within the detector.

Findings

Potential to observe over 10 dark photon events with current and future LHC data.

Detectable signal for dark photon masses below 1 MeV within specified kinetic mixing ranges.

Estimation of event rates for different integrated luminosities and parameter spaces.

Abstract

We propose a novel approach for discovering a light dark photon in the forward experiments at the LHC, including the SND@LHC and the FASER experiments. Assuming the dark photon is lighter than twice the electron mass and feebly interacts with ordinary matter, it is long-lived enough to pass through 100 m of rock in front of the forward experiments and also through the detector targets. However, some portion of them could be converted into an electron-positron pair inside the detector through their interaction with the detector target, leaving an isolated electromagnetic shower as a clear new physics signature of the dark photon. With copiously produced dark photons from neutral pion decays in the forward region of the LHC, we expect to observe sizable events inside the detector. Our estimation shows that more than 10 signal events of the dark photon could be observed in the range of kinetic mixing parameter, $6.2\times10^{-5} \lesssim \epsilon \lesssim 2\times10^{-1}$ and $3\times10^{-5} \lesssim \epsilon \lesssim 2\times10^{-1}$ for dark photon mass $m_{A^\prime} \lesssim$ 1 MeV with integrated luminosities of 150 fb$^{-1}$ and 3 ab$^{-1}$, respectively.