Generating function for projected entangled-pair states

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generating function method for tensor network diagrammatic summation, enabling efficient computation of low-energy excitations in two-dimensional quantum systems, with applications to dynamical structure factors.

Contribution

It extends the generating function approach to projected entangled-pair states, allowing efficient calculation of excitations and dynamical properties in 2D quantum many-body systems.

Findings

Accurate results for the transverse-field Ising and Heisenberg models.

Effective computation of dynamical structure factors.

Insights into the spin-liquid phase of the J1-J2 model.

Abstract

Diagrammatic summation is a common bottleneck in modern applications of projected entangled-pair states, especially in computing low-energy excitations of a two-dimensional quantum many-body system. To solve this problem, here we extend the generating function approach for tensor network diagrammatic summation, a scheme previously proposed in the context of matrix product states. Taking the form of a one-particle excitation, we show that the excited state can be computed efficiently in the generating function formalism, which can further be used in evaluating the dynamical structure factor of the system. Our benchmark results for the spin-$1/2$ transverse-field Ising model and Heisenberg model on the square lattice provide a desirable accuracy, showing good agreement with known results. We then study the spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ model on the same lattice and investigate the dynamical properties of the putative gapless spin liquid phase. We conclude with a discussion on generalizations to multi-particle excitations.