Gaussian tripartite entanglement in the simultaneous measurement of position and momentum

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the generation and classification of genuine tripartite continuous-variable entanglement during simultaneous position and momentum measurements, using Gaussian states and the PPT criterion.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical proof of tripartite entanglement in a measurement process involving Gaussian states and classifies its properties using established criteria.

Findings

Genuine tripartite entanglement is generated during the measurement process.

The entanglement is fully inseparable and classified as a Gaussian state.

Quantitative entanglement measures are computed using residual R{\'e}nyi-2 entanglement.

Abstract

In this work, we prove the generation of genuine tripartite continuous-variable entanglement in the unitary dynamics of the simultaneous measurement process of position and momentum observables raised by Arthurs and Kelly, considering a measurement configuration where the system under examination is a rotated, displaced, and squeezed vacuum state. Under these assumptions, the measurement configuration is entirely described by a Gaussian state. Then, through the positive partial transpose criterion (PPT), we certify genuine tripartite entanglement by testing the non-separability of the three $\left(1~ \text{vs}~2\right)$-mode bipartitions of the system. This process allows us to classify the qualitative properties of the entanglement in the category of fully inseparable Gaussian states according to the classification exposed in [Giedke et al., \href{https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.64.052303}{Phys. Rev. A \textbf{64}, 052303 (2001)}]. Besides, we determine the quantitative entanglement properties of the system using the residual tripartite R{\'e}nyi-2 entanglement as a quantifier measure.