First Asteroseismic Analysis of the Globular Cluster M80: Multiple Populations and Stellar Mass Loss

TL;DR

This study uses asteroseismology to measure stellar masses in the globular cluster M80, revealing differences in mass loss between sub-populations and confirming the metallicity dependence of stellar evolution processes.

Contribution

First seismic mass measurements in M80, demonstrating mass differences between sub-populations and analyzing their implications for stellar evolution and mass loss.

Findings

Detected solar-like oscillations in 47 stars in M80.

Identified a bimodal mass distribution in EAGB stars linked to sub-populations.

Measured significant mass-loss differences between sub-populations.

Abstract

Asteroseismology provides a new avenue for accurately measuring the masses of evolved globular cluster (GC) stars through the detection of their solar-like oscillations. We present the first detections of solar-like oscillations in 47 red giant branch (RGB) and early asymptotic giant branch (EAGB) stars in the metal-poor GC M80; only the second ever with measured seismic masses. We investigate two major areas of stellar evolution and GC science; the multiple populations and stellar mass-loss. We detected a distinct bimodality in the EAGB mass distribution. We showed that this is likely due to sub-population membership. If confirmed, it would be the first direct measurement of a mass difference between sub-populations. A mass difference was not detected between the sub-populations in our RGB sample. We instead measured an average RGB mass of $0.782\pm0.009~\msun$, which we interpret as the average between the sub-populations. Differing mass-loss rates on the RGB has been proposed as the second parameter that could explain the horizontal branch (HB) morphology variations between GCs. We calculated an integrated RGB mass-loss separately for each sub-population: $0.12\pm0.02~\msun$ (SP1) and $0.25\pm0.02~\msun$ (SP2). Thus, SP2 stars have greatly enhanced mass-loss on the RGB. Mass-loss is thought to scale with metallicity, which we confirm by comparing our results to a higher metallicity GC, M4. We also find that M80 stars have insignificant mass-loss on the HB. This is different to M4, suggesting that there is a metallicity and temperature dependence in the HB mass-loss. Finally, our study shows the robustness of the $\Delta\nu$-independent mass scaling relation in the low-metallicity (and low-surface gravity) regime.