Failed supernova simulations beyond black hole formation

TL;DR

This paper presents the first axisymmetric simulation of a failed supernova beyond black hole formation using advanced numerical relativity and neutrino transport, revealing high-energy neutrino signatures as potential observables.

Contribution

It introduces a novel excision method for stable neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics evolution in dynamical black hole spacetimes during failed supernovae.

Findings

Successful stable evolution of radiation-hydrodynamics in black hole spacetime.

Detection of high-energy neutrinos as signatures of the final proto-neutron star phase.

High-energy neutrinos linked to the black hole swallowing the proto-neutron star shock surface.

Abstract

We present an axisymmetric failed supernova simulation beyond black hole formation, for the first time with numerical relativity and two-moment multi energy neutrino transport. To ensure stable numerical evolution, we use an excision method for neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics within the inner part of black hole domain. We demonstrate that our excision method is capable to stably evolve the radiation-hydrodynamics in dynamical black hole spacetime. As a remarkable signature of the final moment of PNS, we find the emergence of high energy neutrinos. Those high energy neutrinos are associated with the proto-neutron star shock surface being swallowed by the central black hole and could be a possible observable of failed supernovae.