Magnetohydrodynamics simulation of magnetic flux rope formation in a quadrupolar magnetic field configuration

TL;DR

This study uses idealized MHD simulations to explore how magnetic flux ropes form and evolve in quadrupolar magnetic fields, revealing complex reconnection processes and the importance of null points in solar eruptive phenomena.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the formation and evolution of magnetic flux ropes in quadrupolar configurations through detailed 3D MHD simulations, highlighting the role of null points.

Findings

Formation of four twisted MFRs via reconnection

Complex magnetic structures around neutral lines

Null points influence MFR evolution and brightenings

Abstract

Magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) play an important role in high-energetic events like solar flares and coronal mass ejections in the solar atmosphere. Importantly, solar observations suggest an association of some flaring events with quadrupolar magnetic configurations. However, the formation and subsequent evolution of MFRs in such magnetic configurations still need to be fully understood. In this paper, we present idealized magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of MFR formation in a quadrupolar magnetic configuration. A suitable initial magnetic field having a quadrupolar configuration is constructed by modifying a three-dimensional (3D) linear force-free magnetic field. The initial magnetic field contains neutral lines, which consist of X-type null points. The simulated dynamics initially demonstrate the oppositely directed magnetic field lines located across the polarity inversion lines (PILs) moving towards each other, resulting in magnetic reconnections. Due to these reconnections, four highly twisted MFRs form over the PILs. With time, the foot points of the MFRs move towards the X-type neutral lines and reconnect, generating complex magnetic structures around the neutral lines, thus making the MFR topology more complex in the quadrupolar configuration than those formed in bipolar loop systems. Further evolution reveals the non-uniform rise of the MFRs. Importantly, the simulations indicate that the pre-existing X-type null points in magnetic configurations can be crucial to the evolution of the MFRs and may lead to the observed brightenings during the onset of some flaring events in the quadrupolar configurations.