QCD on Rotating Lattice with Staggered Fermions

TL;DR

This paper explores the effects of rotation on finite-temperature QCD using lattice simulations with staggered fermions, revealing unexpected behaviors like negative rotational rigidity and phase boundary shifts.

Contribution

It presents the first lattice QCD study of rotating systems with projective plane boundary conditions, showing novel phenomena such as rotational catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking.

Findings

Negative rotational rigidity observed.

Decrease in chiral condensate with rotation.

Increase in Polyakov loop with rotation.

Abstract

We investigate the finite-temperature quantum chromodynamics (QCD) on a rotating lattice with $N_f=2+1$ staggered fermions and the projective plane boundary condition. We observe a negative rotational rigidity (defined in the main text) and a negative quark spin susceptibility associated with the chiral vortical effect. In contrast to most of the effective model predictions, we find that the chiral condensate decreases and the Polyakov loop increases with imaginary rotation, implying a rotational catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking and confinement by real rotation. We determine the phase boundaries for both chiral and confinement-deconfinement phase transitions on the $\Omega_I$-$T$ plane, where $\Omega_I$ is the imaginary angular velocity.