An exactly solvable dissipative spin liquid

TL;DR

This paper introduces an exactly solvable Lindbladian model of a dissipative spin liquid on a square lattice, enabling detailed analysis of steady states and quasiparticle excitations under environmental coupling.

Contribution

It presents a novel exactly solvable Lindbladian for a dissipative spin liquid, extending solvable models to include environmental effects and dissipation.

Findings

Characterization of steady-state solutions and quasiparticle spectrum

Identification of timescale separation in observable equilibration

Revelation of fractionalized string-like operators in dissipative dynamics

Abstract

Exactly solvable Hamiltonians with spin liquid ground states have proven to be extremely useful, not only because they unambiguously demonstrate that these phases can arise in systems of interacting spins but also as a pedagogical illustration of the concept and as a controlled starting point for further theoretical analysis. However, adding dissipative couplings to the environment - an important aspect for the realization of these phases - generically spoils the exact solvability. We here present and study a Lindbladian, describing a square-lattice spin-liquid with dissipative coupling to the environment, that admits an exact solution in terms of Majorana fermions coupled to static $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge fields. This solution allows us to characterize the steady-state solutions as well as ``quasiparticle'' excitations within the Lindbladian spectrum. This emergence of distinct types of quasiparticle excitations of the Lindbladian leads to a separation of timescales that govern the equilibration time of the expectation values of different classes of observables, some of which we identify as fractionalized string-like operators. This exactly solvable Lindbladian is expected to provide a starting point for a better understanding of the behavior of fractionalized systems under dissipative time evolution.