Qubit Recycling in Entanglement Distillation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel entanglement distillation protocol that recycles photons and optimizes local operators to significantly increase yield while maintaining high fidelity, addressing a key trade-off in quantum communication.

Contribution

The authors propose a photon recycling protocol with optimized local operators, improving yield in entanglement distillation beyond existing methods.

Findings

Achieves up to 31.2% higher yield at the same fidelity.

Demonstrates effectiveness under full and partial Gisin filters.

Requires moderate additional system complexity.

Abstract

Quantum entanglement distillation is a process to extract a small number of high-fidelity entanglement from a large number of low-fidelity ones, which in essence is to trade yield (or survival rate) for fidelity. Among existing distillation approaches, Gisin's local filtering protocol is commonly adopted in photonic quantum systems for distilling entangled photons in polarization basis. Yet, the performance of Gisin's filter is cursed by the same fundamental trade-off between fidelity and yield. To address this challenge, in this work, we propose a protocol to recycle the disposed photons and improve their fidelity by a designed (and optimized) local operator. The key parameters of the proposed protocol are calculated by solving a constrained optimization problem. In so doing, we achieve significantly higher yield of high-fidelity entanglement pairs. We further evaluate the performance of our designed protocol under two common configurations of Gisin's filter, namely full filter and partial filter. Compared with existing distillation protocols, the results demonstrate that our design achieves as much as 31.2% gain in yield under the same fidelity, while only incurring moderate system complexity in terms of invested hardware and extra signaling for synchronization.