Computing Subset Vertex Covers in $H$-Free Graphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the computational complexity of the Subset Vertex Cover problem in various graph classes, establishing NP-completeness in some cases and polynomial-time solvability in others, thereby advancing the understanding of its complexity landscape.

Contribution

It proves NP-completeness of Subset Vertex Cover on specific graph classes and provides a dichotomy and new polynomial-time algorithms for certain subclasses, extending the complexity classification.

Findings

NP-complete on subcubic (claw,diamond)-free planar graphs

NP-complete on 2-unipolar graphs

Polynomial-time solvable on graphs where G[T] is H-free for certain H

Abstract

We consider a natural generalization of Vertex Cover: the Subset Vertex Cover problem, which is to decide for a graph $G=(V,E)$, a subset $T\subseteq V$ and integer $k$, if $V$ has a subset $S$ of size at most $k$, such that $S$ contains at least one end-vertex of every edge incident to a vertex of $T$. A graph is $H$-free if it does not contain $H$ as an induced subgraph. We solve two open problems from the literature by proving that Subset Vertex Cover is NP-complete on subcubic (claw,diamond)-free planar graphs and on $2$-unipolar graphs, a subclass of $2P_3$-free weakly chordal graphs. Our results show for the first time that Subset Vertex Cover is computationally harder than Vertex Cover (under P $\neq$ NP). We also prove new polynomial time results, some of which follow from a reduction to Vertex Cover restricted to classes of probe graphs. We first give a dichotomy on graphs where $G[T]$ is $H$-free. Namely, we show that Subset Vertex Cover is polynomial-time solvable on graphs $G$, for which $G[T]$ is $H$-free, if $H=sP_1+tP_2$ and NP-complete otherwise. Moreover, we prove that Subset Vertex Cover is polynomial-time solvable for $(sP_1+P_2+P_3)$-free graphs and bounded mim-width graphs. By combining our new results with known results we obtain a partial complexity classification for Subset Vertex Cover on $H$-free graphs.