Long-range interactions in a quantum gas mediated by diffracted light

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how a Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with a feedback optical field can simulate long-range quantum interactions, revealing dynamics like quasiperiodic chevron patterns and stable droplet formation, useful for studying quantum long-range systems.

Contribution

It shows that optical diffraction-mediated interactions in a BEC can realize the quantum Hamiltonian Mean Field model and exhibit complex long-range interaction dynamics.

Findings

Observation of quasiperiodic chevron dynamics in BEC

Prediction of stable optomechanical droplet widths

Demonstration of BEC optical interactions as a quantum HMF analogue

Abstract

A BEC interacting with an optical field via a feedback mirror can be a realisation of the quantum Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model, a paradigmatic model of long-range interactions in quantum systems. We demonstrate that the self-structuring instability displayed by an initially uniform BEC can evolve as predicted by the quantum HMF model, displaying quasiperiodic "chevron" dynamics for strong driving. For weakly driven self-structuring, the BEC and optical field behave as a two-state quantum system, regularly oscillating between a spatially uniform state and a spatially periodic state. It also predicts the width of stable optomechanical droplets and the dependence of droplet width on optical pump intensity. The results presented suggest that optical diffraction-mediated interactions between atoms in a BEC may be a route to experimental realisation of quantum HMF dynamics and a useful analogue for studying quantum systems involving long-range interactions.