Self-similarity of rogue wave generation in gyrotrons: Beyond the Peregrine breather

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to analyze rogue wave generation in gyrotrons, revealing a self-similar relation in their peak power and duration that extends beyond the classical Peregrine breather model, linked to exponential nonlinearity.

Contribution

It demonstrates that gyrotron rogue waves exhibit a self-similar relation different from Peregrine breathers, supported by a Schrödinger-like equation with exponential nonlinearity.

Findings

Rogue waves in gyrotrons resemble Peregrine breathers in shape.

The peak power-duration relation is self-similar but differs from classical models.

The relation is associated with exponential nonlinearity in an effective evolution equation.

Abstract

Within the framework of numerical simulations, we study the gyrotron dynamics under conditions of a significant excess of the operating current over the starting value, when the generation of electromagnetic pulses with anomalously large amplitudes (``rogue waves'') can be realized. The averaged shape of high-power pulses is shown to be very close to the celebrated Peregrine breather. At the same time, we demonstrate that the relation between peak power and duration of rogue waves is self-similar, but does not reproduce the one characteristic for Peregrine breathers. Remarkably, the discovered self-similar relation corresponds to the exponential nonlinearity of an equivalent Schr\"odinger-like evolution equation. This interpretation can be used as a theoretical basis for explaining the giant amplitudes of gyrotron rogue waves.