A theory of dark energy that matches dark matter

TL;DR

This paper proposes a unified theory where dark energy and dark matter are related through negative energy particles, with dark energy modeled as negative temperature and pressure dark radiation, explaining cosmic acceleration.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework linking dark energy and dark matter via negative energy particles and extends photon states to negative integers, providing a new perspective on cosmic acceleration.

Findings

Dark energy modeled as negative temperature and pressure dark radiation.

Negative energy particles (dark photons) match dark matter.

Dark substances absorb and release dark energy, linking dark matter and dark energy.

Abstract

In this paper, a theory of dark energy is proposed that matches dark matter. The relativistic quantum mechanics equations reveal that free particles can have negative energies. We think that the negative energy is the dark energy which behaviors as dark photons with negative energies. In this work, the photon number states are extended to the cases where the photon number can be negative integers, called negative integer photon states, the physical meaning of which are that the photons in such a state are of negative energy, i.e., dark photons. The dark photons constitute dark radiation, also called negative radiation. The formulism of the statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of the dark radiation is presented. This version of dark energy is of negative temperature and negative pressure, the latter regarded as responsible for the accelerate expansion of the universe. It is believed that there is a symmetry of energy-dark energy in the universe. In our previous work, the theory of the motion of the matters with negative kinetic energy was presented. In our opinion, the negative kinetic energy matter is dark matter. In the present work, we demonstrate that the dark substances absorb and release dark energy. In this view, the dark matter and dark energy match. Therefore, there is a symmetry of matter-energy match and dark matter-dark energy match in the universe. We present the reasons why the negative kinetic energy systems and negative radiation are dark to us.