Learning Constrained Corner Node Trajectories of a Tether Net System for Space Debris Capture

TL;DR

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning-based approach for planning and controlling a tether net system with corner node microsatellites to robustly capture space debris with varying rotational dynamics.

Contribution

It proposes a decentralized actuation system combined with RL to optimize net trajectories for space debris capture, addressing uncertainties and diverse rotational scenarios.

Findings

RL-based trajectories improve capture success rate

The system is fuel-efficient and robust to debris rotation

Simulation results validate the approach's effectiveness

Abstract

The earth's orbit is becoming increasingly crowded with debris that poses significant safety risks to the operation of existing and new spacecraft and satellites. The active tether-net system, which consists of a flexible net with maneuverable corner nodes launched from a small autonomous spacecraft, is a promising solution for capturing and disposing of such space debris. The requirement of autonomous operation and the need to generalize over scenarios with debris scenarios in different rotational rates makes the capture process significantly challenging. The space debris could rotate about multiple axes, which, along with sensing/estimation and actuation uncertainties, calls for a robust, generalizable approach to guiding the net launch and flight - one that can guarantee robust capture. This paper proposes a decentralized actuation system combined with reinforcement learning for planning and controlling this tether-net system. In this new system, four microsatellites with cold gas type thrusters act as the corner nodes of the net and can thus help control or correct the flight of the net after launch. The microsatellites pull the net to complete the task of approaching and capturing the space debris. The proposed method uses a RL framework that integrates a proximal policy optimization to find the optimal solution based on the dynamics simulation of the net and the microsatellites performed in Vortex Studio. The RL framework finds the optimal trajectory that is both fuel-efficient and ensures a desired level of capture quality.