Possible scenario of relic wormhole formation

TL;DR

This paper explores how virtual wormholes in the early Universe cause vacuum instability and phase transitions, potentially leading to relic wormholes with unique negative energy defects that could be astrophysically significant.

Contribution

It introduces a novel scenario where virtual wormholes induce vacuum instability and defect formation, suggesting relic wormholes as realistic astrophysical objects.

Findings

Vacuum becomes unstable due to virtual wormholes

Phase transitions lead to defect formation with negative energy density

Relic wormholes could be observable astrophysical objects

Abstract

It is shown that in the presence of virtual wormholes, the vacuum is unstable, which leads to a series of phase transitions in the early Universe. Then the standard Kibble scenario predicts the formation of defects such as domain walls. An unusual feature of virtual wormholes is that they generate defects with negative energy density. Such defects have macroscopic dimensions and can support the necks of already real primary wormholes, which gives reason to consider relic wormholes as realistic astrophysical objects.