Randomness Certification from Multipartite Quantum Steering for Arbitrary Dimensional Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method for certifying secure randomness using multipartite quantum steering in arbitrary dimensional systems, enhancing security against eavesdroppers and outperforming bipartite approaches.

Contribution

It demonstrates that multipartite entanglement enables certified randomness in complex systems, with a focus on the role of quantum steering and experimental validation.

Findings

Multipartite entanglement enhances randomness security.

Quantum steering is necessary and sufficient for randomness with two measurement settings.

More randomness can be extracted from experimental states compared to previous methods.

Abstract

Entanglement in bipartite systems has been applied for the generation of secure random numbers, which are playing an important role in cryptography or scientific numerical simulations. Here, we propose to use multipartite entanglement distributed between trusted and untrusted parties for generating randomness of arbitrary dimensional systems. We show that the distributed structure of several parties leads to additional protection against possible attacks by an eavesdropper, resulting in more secure randomness generated than in the corresponding bipartite scenario. Especially, randomness can be certified in the group of untrusted parties, even there is no randomness exists in either of them individually. We prove that the necessary and sufficient resource for quantum randomness in this scenario is multipartite quantum steering when two measurement settings are performed on the untrusted parties. However, the sufficiency no longer holds with more measurement settings. Finally, we apply our analysis to some experimentally realized states and show that more randomness can be extracted in comparison to the existing analysis.